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The algorithm covers critical aspects such as the recognition of:
Defibrillation is a vital intervention in pediatric resuscitation, aimed at restoring a normal heart rhythm during life-threatening arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Correct pad placement plays a crucial role in its effectiveness. For infants, the anterior-posterior (AP) position is preferred, with one pad placed on the center of the chest and the other on the back. In older children, pads may be placed either in the anterior-posterior or anterior-lateral position, depending on the child’s size and clinical situation.
Effective airway management in pediatric resuscitation requires the rescuer to apply the correct techniques according to the child’s condition. The head-tilt–chin-lift maneuver is commonly used to open the airway, while the jaw-thrust maneuver is preferred if a cervical spine injury is suspected. The approach should always be guided by the child’s age, size, and any potential trauma. In advanced care, adjuncts such as oropharyngeal airways, supraglottic devices, or endotracheal intubation may be used to secure the airway and ensure adequate ventilation.
The Pediatric Basic Life Support (BLS) Algorithm provides a clear, step-by-step guide for managing cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies in infants and children. Learning these life-saving skills enables you to act quickly and confidently when every second counts. Using an AED, performing effective CPR, and providing rescue breaths can significantly improve a child’s chance of survival until professional help arrives. Whether you are a parent, caregiver, or healthcare professional, mastering PALS skills and understanding the pediatric algorithm is essential for handling emergencies. CPRVAM, an AHA-authorized training provider, offers trusted courses to build your confidence and enhance your life-saving skills.
The correct sequence for pediatric BLS follows the CAB approach: Circulation, Airway, and Breathing. This means starting with chest compressions to maintain blood flow, then opening the airway, and finally giving rescue breaths. Following this order helps provide timely and effective care during a pediatric emergency.
Cardiac arrest in a child or infant may be sudden or follow worsening illness. Key signs include unresponsiveness, no normal breathing or only gasping, and absence of a detectable pulse. Other warning signs may include pale or bluish skin, limpness, or sudden collapse. Early recognition is critical so that CPR and emergency care can be started immediately.
For children, chest compressions should be at a rate of 100–120 per minute and about 1/3 the depth of the chest (approximately 5 cm or 2 inches). For infants, compressions should also be 100–120 per minute and about 1/3 the chest depth (approximately 4 cm or 1.5 inches). Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions to maximize blood flow.
A single rescuer should check responsiveness, call for help, open the airway, and start CPR with 30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths until help arrives or the child recovers.
